सैयद वंश

सैयद वंश

सैयद वंश मध्यकालीन भारत का एक राजवंश था ।

Sayyid dynasty

The Sayyid dynasty ruled Delhi sultanate in India from 1414 to 1451. They succeeded the Tughlaq dynasty and ruled that sultanate until they were displaced by the Lodi dynasty.
This family claimed to be Sayyids, or descendants of Prophet Muhammad. The central authority of the Delhi Sultanate had been fatally weakened by the successive invasion of Timur (Timurlane) and his sack of Delhi in 1398. After a period of chaos, when no central authority prevailed, the Sayyids gained power at Delhi. Their 37-year period of dominance witnessed the rule of four different members of the dynasty.
The dynasty was established by Khizr Khan, deputised by Timur to be the governor of Multan (Punjab). Khizr Khan took Delhi from Daulat Khan Lodi on May 28, 1414 and founded the Sayyid dynasty. But he did not take up the title of king and nominally, continued to be a Rayat-i-Ala (vassal) of the Timurids, initially of Timur and after his death, his successor Shah Rukh, grandson of Timur.^[1] Khizer Khan was succeeded by his son Mubarrak Khan after his death on May 20, 1421, who styled himself as Muizz-ud-Din Mubarak Shah in his coins. A detailed account of his reign is available in the Tarikh-i-Mubarak Shahi written by Yahya-bin-Ahmad Sirhindi. After the death of Mubarak Khan, his nephew Muhammad Khan ascended the throne and styled himself as Sultan Muhammad Shah. Just before his death, he called his son Ala-ud-Din from Badaun and nominated him as his successor.
The last ruler of this dynasty, Ala-ud-Din Alam Shah voluntarily abdicated the throne of the Delhi sulatanate in favour of Bahlul Khan Lodi on April 19, 1451 and left for Badaun. He continued to live there till his death in 1478

 

The rulers

·        Khizr Khan 1414 - 1421

·        Mubarak Shah 1421 - 1434

·        Muhammad Shah 1434 - 1445

·         Alam Shah 1445- 1451

ख़िज़्र खाँ

दिल्ली सल्तनत के सय्यद वंश का शासक ।

Khizr Khan Sayyid (reigned 1414-21) was the founder of the Sayyid dynasty, the ruling dynasty of the Delhi sultanate, an independent kingdom in the late medieval north India soon after the invasion of Timur and the fall of the Tughlaq dynasty. He was known to be an able administrator. He did not take up any royal title and contended himself with the title of Rayat-i-Ala (Sublime Banners). During his reign, coins were struck in the name of Timur and after his death in the name of his successor Shah Rukh. After his death on 20 May 1421, he was succeeded by his son Mubarak Khan, who took the title of Muizz-ud-Din Mubarak Shah.

Ancestry and early life

A contemporary writer Yahya Sirhindi mentioned in his Takhrikh-i-Mubarak Shahi that Khizr Khan was a descendant of the Prophet of Islam, but his conclusion was based only on a testimony of the saint Jalal-ud-Din Bukhari. Malik Mardan Daulat, the Governor of Multan adopted Khizr Khan's father Malik Sulaiman as his son. After the death of Malik Shaikh, son of Malik Mardan, he was succeeded by Malik Sulaiman as the governor of Multan. After the death of Malik Sulaiman the governorship of Multan was conferred on Khizr Khan by Firuz Shah Tughlaq. But in 1395 he was expelled from Multan by Sarang Khan, brother of Mallu Iqbal Khan. He fled to Mewat and later joined Timur. It is believed that before departure, Timur appointed Khizr Khan his viceroy at Delhi but he could only establish his control over Multan, Dipalpur and parts of Sindh. Soon he started his campaign and defeated Mallu Iqbal Khan. After defeating Daulat Khan Lodi, he entered Delhi victoriously on 6 June 1414.

Reign

After his accession to the throne, Khizr Khan appointed Malik-us-Sharq Malik Tuhfa as his wazir and he was given the title of Taj-ul-Mulk and he remained in office till 1421. The fief of Saharanpur was given to Sayyid Salim. Abdur Rahman received the fiefs of Multan and Fatehpur. In 1414, an army led by Taj-ul-Mulk was sent to suppress the rebellion of Har Singh, the Raja of Katehar. Raja fled to the forests but finally he was compelled to surrender and agree to pay tributes in future. In July, 1416 an army led by Taj-ul-Mulk was sent to Bayana and Gwalior. It plundered the peasants in the name of realizing the amount equivalent to the tributes to be paid. In 1417, Khizr Khan obtained permission from Shah Rukh to have his own name also suffixed to that of Shah Rukh. In 1418, Har Singh revolted again but he was defeated completely by Taj-ul-Mulk.